Dynapik offers a free online tool to change image types - no need to download anything. It's quick and easy to use. You can change your FAX images to AVIF format. This tool works for both professionals and casual users. Convert your images to AVIF in seconds.
Group 3 FAX
The raw compressed data stream used by classic fax machines.
When we talk about the 'FAX' file format, we typically refer to a raw data stream compressed using the CCITT Group 3 (G3) or Group 4 (G4) algorithms. These are specialized compression methods designed for bi-level (black and white) images of text documents. In most modern contexts, you won't see a standalone `.fax` or `.g3` file. Instead, this compression data is wrapped inside a container like TIFF or PDF. A `.fax` file is essentially a headerless chunk of this compressed data, which makes it difficult for modern software to open without knowing the specific dimensions (width/height) beforehand.
Group 3 compression is based on Huffman coding and Run-Length Encoding (RLE). It scans a line of pixels and records the lengths of alternating runs of black and white pixels. Because most documents are largely white space, this results in significant compression. Group 4 is an improvement that uses 2D compression (referencing the previous line to predict the next), offering better ratios but requiring an error-free transmission channel (like a digital network), unlike G3 which had to survive noisy phone lines.
Standardized by the CCITT (Consultative Committee for International Telephony and Telegraphy), now ITU-T, in 1980 (Group 3) and 1984 (Group 4). These standards enabled the global fax boom of the 80s and 90s.
AVIF (AV1 Image File Format)
The royalty-free successor to WebP, offering the world's best compression for the web.
AVIF is the cutting-edge image format derived from the AV1 video codec. Developed by the Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia)—a consortium including Google, Netflix, Amazon, and Microsoft—it was designed to be the ultimate royalty-free format for the web. AVIF offers significantly better compression than WebP, which was already better than JPEG. It supports features that WebP lacks, such as 10-bit and 12-bit color depth for HDR (High Dynamic Range) images, and it produces fewer compression artifacts at low bitrates. While encoding AVIF files takes longer than other formats, the bandwidth savings are substantial, often reducing file sizes by 50% compared to JPEG.
AVIF uses the HEIF (High Efficiency Image File Format) container structure but encodes the image data using the AV1 video codec. This allows it to use advanced video compression techniques like intra-frame prediction to squeeze image data down to incredibly small sizes. Unlike WebP, which is limited to 8-bit color, AVIF supports 10-bit and 12-bit color depths, making it the first viable web format for HDR photography. It also supports 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma subsampling, allowing for sharp text and graphics even with lossy compression.
The AV1 video codec was released in 2018 as a royalty-free alternative to HEVC (H.265). The AVIF image format specification followed in 2019. Adoption was rapid compared to previous formats. Chrome added support in 2020, followed by Firefox in 2021. Apple added support in iOS 16 and macOS Ventura (2022), completing the 'universal support' puzzle much faster than WebP did.
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