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DPX (Digital Picture Exchange)
The industry standard for digital intermediate and visual effects work in film.
Digital Picture Exchange (DPX) is a raster image format used primarily in the motion picture industry for visual effects (VFX) and Digital Intermediate (DI) work. It is an ANSI/SMPTE standard (SMPTE 268M-2003) designed to represent the density of film scans without loss of quality. Unlike consumer formats, DPX is usually uncompressed and stores color information in a 'logarithmic' (Log) format to preserve the full dynamic range of motion picture film. A single second of 4K movie footage in DPX format can consume enormous amounts of storage (hundreds of megabytes), making it strictly a production format, not one for distribution.
A DPX file starts with a 'Generic Image Header' (magic number: SDPX) containing core details like file size and image orientation. This is followed by 'Industry Specific Headers' for Motion Picture or Television data (timecodes, frame rates). Finally, the 'Image Data' block contains the raw pixel values. DPX supports a wide variety of bit depths, but 10-bit Log RGB is the most common industry standard. It packs these 10-bit values tightly into 32-bit words (10+10+10+2 padding) for efficient processing. The logarithmic encoding mimics the human eye's response to light and the physical characteristics of film stock.
DPX is the direct successor to Kodak's Cineon (.cin) format, which was developed in the early 1990s for the first digital film scanners. As the industry moved towards digital workflows, SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) standardized Cineon into DPX to ensure compatibility between different vendors' scanners, printers, and software.
JPEG 2000 VM Uncompressed
A single-component test format for JPEG 2000 verification.
PGX is an extremely simple, uncompressed raster format created specifically for the development and testing of the JPEG 2000 standard (ISO 15444). It is defined in the JPEG 2000 Verification Model (VM). Its purpose is to store a single component (channel) of an image with potentially high bit depth and signed/unsigned values, without the complexity of a full image container.
A PGX file represents one image channel (grayscale). It starts with a minimalist text header identifying the endianness (`LMS` or `Big`), the sign (`+`/`-`), the bit depth, and dimensions. The raw pixel data follows immediately. It is effectively a raw dump of a single image plane.
Developed by the JPEG committee during the creation of JPEG 2000. It allowed researchers to test wavelet compression algorithms on raw data without worrying about file headers or color transforms.
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