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PlayStation Texture (TIM)
The native texture format of the PS1.
The TIM format is the standard image file format for the Sony PlayStation (PSX/PS1) console. It stores textures, sprites, and background images in a way that maps directly to the console's VRAM (Video RAM).
A TIM file contains a header (identifying the bits-per-pixel: 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, or 24-bit) followed by optional CLUT (Color LookUp Table) data and then the pixel data. 4-bit and 8-bit modes use palettes. It includes 'STP' bits (Special Transparency Processing) which handled the PS1's unique semi-transparency modes.
Released in 1994 with the PlayStation SDK. It was the format for Final Fantasy VII backgrounds, Metal Gear Solid textures, and thousands of other games.
DPX (Digital Picture Exchange)
The industry standard for digital intermediate and visual effects work in film.
Digital Picture Exchange (DPX) is a raster image format used primarily in the motion picture industry for visual effects (VFX) and Digital Intermediate (DI) work. It is an ANSI/SMPTE standard (SMPTE 268M-2003) designed to represent the density of film scans without loss of quality. Unlike consumer formats, DPX is usually uncompressed and stores color information in a 'logarithmic' (Log) format to preserve the full dynamic range of motion picture film. A single second of 4K movie footage in DPX format can consume enormous amounts of storage (hundreds of megabytes), making it strictly a production format, not one for distribution.
A DPX file starts with a 'Generic Image Header' (magic number: SDPX) containing core details like file size and image orientation. This is followed by 'Industry Specific Headers' for Motion Picture or Television data (timecodes, frame rates). Finally, the 'Image Data' block contains the raw pixel values. DPX supports a wide variety of bit depths, but 10-bit Log RGB is the most common industry standard. It packs these 10-bit values tightly into 32-bit words (10+10+10+2 padding) for efficient processing. The logarithmic encoding mimics the human eye's response to light and the physical characteristics of film stock.
DPX is the direct successor to Kodak's Cineon (.cin) format, which was developed in the early 1990s for the first digital film scanners. As the industry moved towards digital workflows, SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) standardized Cineon into DPX to ensure compatibility between different vendors' scanners, printers, and software.
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