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Hasselblad 3FR
The raw format for Hasselblad's legendary medium format cameras.
3FR is the proprietary raw image format used by Hasselblad cameras. It is designed to capture the immense amount of data produced by medium format sensors, which are significantly larger than full-frame sensors. 3FR files are compressed to save space on the memory card. When imported into Hasselblad's Phocus software (or other compatible editors), they are typically converted into the uncompressed FFF format for editing.
3FR files contain 16-bit sensor data. This high bit depth is crucial for medium format photography, which prioritizes color accuracy and tonal gradation above all else. The format is TIFF-based but heavily customized. It includes specific metadata for Hasselblad's lens corrections (DAC - Digital Auto Correction), which are essential for achieving the optical perfection the brand is known for.
Hasselblad introduced 3FR with their H-system digital backs. It remains the standard capture format for their H and X system cameras.
DPX (Digital Picture Exchange)
The industry standard for digital intermediate and visual effects work in film.
Digital Picture Exchange (DPX) is a raster image format used primarily in the motion picture industry for visual effects (VFX) and Digital Intermediate (DI) work. It is an ANSI/SMPTE standard (SMPTE 268M-2003) designed to represent the density of film scans without loss of quality. Unlike consumer formats, DPX is usually uncompressed and stores color information in a 'logarithmic' (Log) format to preserve the full dynamic range of motion picture film. A single second of 4K movie footage in DPX format can consume enormous amounts of storage (hundreds of megabytes), making it strictly a production format, not one for distribution.
A DPX file starts with a 'Generic Image Header' (magic number: SDPX) containing core details like file size and image orientation. This is followed by 'Industry Specific Headers' for Motion Picture or Television data (timecodes, frame rates). Finally, the 'Image Data' block contains the raw pixel values. DPX supports a wide variety of bit depths, but 10-bit Log RGB is the most common industry standard. It packs these 10-bit values tightly into 32-bit words (10+10+10+2 padding) for efficient processing. The logarithmic encoding mimics the human eye's response to light and the physical characteristics of film stock.
DPX is the direct successor to Kodak's Cineon (.cin) format, which was developed in the early 1990s for the first digital film scanners. As the industry moved towards digital workflows, SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) standardized Cineon into DPX to ensure compatibility between different vendors' scanners, printers, and software.
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