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DCX (Multi-page PCX)
A legacy multi-page image format created for PC-based fax software.
DCX is a multi-page bitmap image format that essentially acts as a container for multiple PCX files. It was developed by ZSoft Corporation, the same company that created PC Paintrush and the PCX format. The primary purpose of DCX was to serve as the file format for early digital fax software, allowing a multi-page document to be stored in a single computer file. Technically, a DCX file begins with a header containing a list of offsets (pointers) to the individual PCX images stored within the file. Each 'page' is a fully valid PCX image with its own header and palette. The format relies on the simple RLE (Run-Length Encoding) compression inherited from PCX, which is efficient for simple black-and-white fax documents but poor for complex photographs.
A DCX file consists of a 4-byte signature (987654320) followed by an array of up to 1024 32-bit integer offsets. Each offset points to the start of a PCX image structure within the file. The list ends with a zero (null) terminator. Because it is wrappers around PCX, it shares all the characteristics of that format: support from 1-bit monochrome up to 24-bit RGB color. However, since it was primarily used for faxing, the vast majority of DCX files encountered today are 1-bit black and white.
DCX became popular in the early 1990s alongside the rise of fax modems and software like WinFax. It allowed users to scan or 'print' a document to a fax driver, which would save the pages as a linear .dcx file before transmission. As PDF became the dominant document format and email replaced faxing, DCX faded into obsolescence.
JPEG 2000 VM Uncompressed
A single-component test format for JPEG 2000 verification.
PGX is an extremely simple, uncompressed raster format created specifically for the development and testing of the JPEG 2000 standard (ISO 15444). It is defined in the JPEG 2000 Verification Model (VM). Its purpose is to store a single component (channel) of an image with potentially high bit depth and signed/unsigned values, without the complexity of a full image container.
A PGX file represents one image channel (grayscale). It starts with a minimalist text header identifying the endianness (`LMS` or `Big`), the sign (`+`/`-`), the bit depth, and dimensions. The raw pixel data follows immediately. It is effectively a raw dump of a single image plane.
Developed by the JPEG committee during the creation of JPEG 2000. It allowed researchers to test wavelet compression algorithms on raw data without worrying about file headers or color transforms.
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