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Sony Alpha RAW
The raw format powering the mirrorless revolution.
ARW is the raw image format used by Sony's Alpha series cameras (like the A7, A6000, and ZV series) and Cyber-shot RX series. As Sony became the dominant player in the mirrorless camera market, ARW became one of the most common raw formats in the world. ARW files contain the raw data from Sony's Exmor sensors. They are known for their malleability, allowing photographers to push shadows and pull highlights to extreme degrees without the image breaking apart.
ARW files are TIFF-based containers. Sony offers three main compression types: 1. **Uncompressed**: Massive files, but guaranteed maximum data integrity. 2. **Compressed (Lossy)**: The default for years. It uses a delta-compression scheme that can occasionally cause 'star eater' artifacts or posterization around high-contrast edges, but saves 50% space. 3. **Lossless Compressed**: Introduced in newer models (A7 IV, A1) to solve the quality issues of lossy compression without the massive size of uncompressed.
ARW replaced the older SR2 format. It has gone through several iterations (v2.3, v4.0). The format faced controversy in the past due to its lossy compression algorithm, which led Sony to introduce the Uncompressed and later Lossless Compressed options in response to user demand.
DCX (Multi-page PCX)
A legacy multi-page image format created for PC-based fax software.
DCX is a multi-page bitmap image format that essentially acts as a container for multiple PCX files. It was developed by ZSoft Corporation, the same company that created PC Paintrush and the PCX format. The primary purpose of DCX was to serve as the file format for early digital fax software, allowing a multi-page document to be stored in a single computer file. Technically, a DCX file begins with a header containing a list of offsets (pointers) to the individual PCX images stored within the file. Each 'page' is a fully valid PCX image with its own header and palette. The format relies on the simple RLE (Run-Length Encoding) compression inherited from PCX, which is efficient for simple black-and-white fax documents but poor for complex photographs.
A DCX file consists of a 4-byte signature (987654320) followed by an array of up to 1024 32-bit integer offsets. Each offset points to the start of a PCX image structure within the file. The list ends with a zero (null) terminator. Because it is wrappers around PCX, it shares all the characteristics of that format: support from 1-bit monochrome up to 24-bit RGB color. However, since it was primarily used for faxing, the vast majority of DCX files encountered today are 1-bit black and white.
DCX became popular in the early 1990s alongside the rise of fax modems and software like WinFax. It allowed users to scan or 'print' a document to a fax driver, which would save the pages as a linear .dcx file before transmission. As PDF became the dominant document format and email replaced faxing, DCX faded into obsolescence.
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