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Nikon Coolpix RAW
The raw format for Nikon's compact cameras.
NRW is a variation of the Nikon Electronic Format (NEF) designed specifically for high-end Coolpix compact cameras (like the P7000 series). While structurally similar to NEF, Nikon treats it as a distinct format to differentiate the consumer/compact line from the DSLR/Mirrorless line (which uses NEF).
NRW files typically contain 12-bit sensor data. They support many of the same features as NEF, including non-destructive editing of white balance and exposure, though they may lack some of the deeper custom metadata found in pro DSLRs.
Introduced to bring raw capabilities to advanced point-and-shoots without diluting the 'pro' NEF brand.
DCX (Multi-page PCX)
A legacy multi-page image format created for PC-based fax software.
DCX is a multi-page bitmap image format that essentially acts as a container for multiple PCX files. It was developed by ZSoft Corporation, the same company that created PC Paintrush and the PCX format. The primary purpose of DCX was to serve as the file format for early digital fax software, allowing a multi-page document to be stored in a single computer file. Technically, a DCX file begins with a header containing a list of offsets (pointers) to the individual PCX images stored within the file. Each 'page' is a fully valid PCX image with its own header and palette. The format relies on the simple RLE (Run-Length Encoding) compression inherited from PCX, which is efficient for simple black-and-white fax documents but poor for complex photographs.
A DCX file consists of a 4-byte signature (987654320) followed by an array of up to 1024 32-bit integer offsets. Each offset points to the start of a PCX image structure within the file. The list ends with a zero (null) terminator. Because it is wrappers around PCX, it shares all the characteristics of that format: support from 1-bit monochrome up to 24-bit RGB color. However, since it was primarily used for faxing, the vast majority of DCX files encountered today are 1-bit black and white.
DCX became popular in the early 1990s alongside the rise of fax modems and software like WinFax. It allowed users to scan or 'print' a document to a fax driver, which would save the pages as a linear .dcx file before transmission. As PDF became the dominant document format and email replaced faxing, DCX faded into obsolescence.
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